Flight and context
528 U.S. 119 (2000)
NationwideU.S. Supreme Court
Quick Rule
Unprovoked headlong flight upon seeing police, combined with the surrounding circumstances, can support reasonable suspicion. Presence in a high-crime area alone is insufficient.
Field Reminder
Describe the behavior and context, rather than relying on an area label.
Important Limits
Refusing to cooperate alone does not justify detention. Wardlow decided the stop's validity, not whether the frisk had independent justification.
Sources
Opinion sources reviewed October 4, 2026. Editorial summaries; not a comprehensive review of later decisions or Florida-specific requirements. Follow agency policy, certified training, and State Attorney guidance.