Driver exit orders
434 U.S. 106 (1977)
NationwideU.S. Supreme Court
Quick Rule
During a lawful traffic stop, an officer may order the driver out of the vehicle.
Field Reminder
An exit order does not automatically authorize a frisk.
Important Limits
A frisk still requires reasonable suspicion that the person is armed and dangerous. The traffic stop itself must be lawful.
Sources
Opinion sources reviewed October 4, 2026. Editorial summaries; not a comprehensive review of later decisions or Florida-specific requirements. Follow agency policy, certified training, and State Attorney guidance.