Objective traffic justification
517 U.S. 806 (1996)
NationwideU.S. Supreme Court
Quick Rule
Probable cause of a traffic violation can justify a stop under the Fourth Amendment even when the officer also has another investigative motive.
Field Reminder
Record the actual violation and the observations supporting it.
Important Limits
An investigative motive does not supply missing objective justification. Whren does not authorize discriminatory enforcement or extending the stop without lawful grounds.
Sources
Opinion sources reviewed October 4, 2026. Editorial summaries; not a comprehensive review of later decisions or Florida-specific requirements. Follow agency policy, certified training, and State Attorney guidance.